Review
PRAISE FOR THE MUSEUM OF HOAXES
"As entertaining as it is well researched." -ENTERTAINMENT TODAY
"This book is smart, well-written, and a helluva lot of fun." -CULTUREDOSE.COM
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From the Back Cover
*HIPPO EATS DWARF!
*Meat harvested from genetically-engineered trees!
*Huge mutant cats roam the land!
*Haunted kitchen appliances auctioned on eBay!
*Cell phones implanted in teeth!
*Interstate 69 renamed the more "moral sounding" Interstate 63!
*Bonsai kittens!
*Human-flavored tofu!
Or is this just all b.s.? Don’t be a victim of today’s Misinformation Age! Read HIPPO EATS DWARF, the essential field guide to life, death, eBay, and everything in between.
Recognized as a hoaxpert by CNN and the New York Times, among others, ALEX BOESE holds a master's degree in the history of science from the University of California, San Diego. He is the author of The Museum of Hoaxes and the creator and curator of www.museumofhoaxes.com. He lives in San Diego.
About the Author
Recognized as a hoaxpert by CNN and the New York Times, among others, ALEX BOESE holds a master's degree in the history of science from the University of California, San Diego. He is the author of The Museum of Hoaxes and the creator and curator of www.museumofhoaxes.com. He lives in San Diego.
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
BIRTH 1
Two thousand years ago, scholars recorded stories about women who had given birth to elephants and mothers who had borne over thirty children (none of whom were elephants, thankfully). We may think we’re too sophisticated to believe such tales today, but that’s not so. Instead of elephant-bearing women, modern legends have progressed to human clones, pregnant men, and online supermodel egg auctions.
Reality Rule 1.1
Just because a woman looks pregnant, it doesn’t mean she is.
Foam-Pad Pregnancy, n.: What you get when a woman stuffs some padding under her shirt and claims to be pregnant. More generically, any fake pregnancy.
The Fake Pregnancy Scam
You meet a pregnant woman—one who not only looks pregnant, but also says she is. How do you know she really is pregnant? The odds that she’s faking it aren’t very high. Unlike fake tattoos, fake tans, and fake hair, the fake pregnant look is a fashion that’s never caught on. When fake pregnancies happen, the motivation is usually fraud, not fashion.
The scam goes like this: a woman claims to be pregnant, then persuades an adopting couple to support her while they wait to become the proud parents of her nonexistent child. By the time the couple figures out what’s going on, the con artist is long gone, looking for the next pair of suckers.
For instance, in early 2004, authorities charged Maya-Anne Mays with deceiving at least three couples who hoped to adopt her child. Maya-Anne wasn’t pregnant, but her heavyset build made her look like she was, and a recent miscarriage allowed her to test positive on a pregnancy exam. The couples who were paying her rent (and food, and travel money) only grew suspicious when, as the months rolled by, Maya-Anne stubbornly declined all medical care. In hindsight, her only mistake was sticking around for too long.
If you think a woman’s growing belly owes more to foam padding than to a fetus, what can you do to verify your suspicions? Not much. That’s the beauty of the scam. Start poking her stomach, and you open yourself up to charges of assault and battery. Ask that she subject herself to a medical examination, and she’s well within her rights to refuse. The most reliable fake-pregnancy-debunking method is to wait nine months. If no baby appears, then you might consider your suspicions confirmed.
case file: Erin McGaw
Although most fake pregnancies are pulled off by con artists, occasionally you come across a “fake pregnancy as fashion choice” or “fake pregnancy as research project.” Take the case of Erin McGaw.
Erin’s classmates at Penn Manor High could scarcely believe this wholesome seventeen-year-old was pregnant. She was the kind of girl who hung out after school with her church group, not with boys. But the evidence of her growing belly was undeniable. And anyway, she said she was pregnant.
But Erin wasn’t. Early in fall 2003 she had hatched a plan to fake a pregnancy as a way of completing a senior-year independent study project on child development. (Why didn’t I think of that? It would have beat my senior-year study of nineteenth-century Romantic poetry hands down.) She imagined experiencing how pregnant teenagers are treated in our society and then reported her findings at the school’s year-end Festival of Learning. Her teacher, Mindy Rottmund, approved the project and promised to keep it a secret.
Each week Erin carefully stuffed a little more padding into the swimsuit she wore beneath her clothes. Pretty soon boys were commenting that she looked fat and girls were whispering behind her back that she must have had a one-night stand. Erin found herself shunned by her peers, but she soldiered on, determined to complete her project. Even when her priest voiced concerns to her family, she didn’t give up.
Erin could probably have gone for nine months without anyone realizing what was up, but after three months Ms. Rottmund squealed to the headmaster, who immediately called a halt to the whole thing and forced Erin to confess to her classmates.
That should have been the end of it, but one year later Erin’s fake pregnancy bore fruit of a different kind. A camera crew from MTV rolled into town and asked the entire high school to reenact what had happened so MTV could film it for High School Stories: Scandals, Pranks & Controversies. Erin didn’t reprise her role, though she did appear as an extra. Nevertheless, the school got to witness the surreal spectacle of a girl pretending to be pretending to be pregnant, while everyone around her pretended that they didn’t know she was pretending.
Given all the pretending going on at Penn Manor High, it’s not surprising that a cynical and ugly rumor soon spread claiming it was all a hoax within a hoax—that Erin had actually been pregnant all along and had only pretended to be pretending as a way to explain away her condition and its sudden conclusion. There is absolutely no evidence to support this rumor.
Empathy Belly, n.: A strap-on belly manufactured by Birthways, Inc. The device simulates pregnancy so that anyone (but particularly fathers-to-be) can experience all the wonder and joy of the symptoms expectant mothers feel, including weight gain, shortness of breath, bladder pressure, backaches, fatigue, and, as the manufacturer promises, “much, much more!”
Reality Rule 1.2
Human women give birth to human babies.
Pull a Mary Toft, v.: To pretend to give birth to a nonhuman species. The phrase derives from the case of the eighteenth-century Englishwoman who claimed to have given birth to eighteen rabbits. It was only when a doctor announced his desire to operate on her to examine her astounding uterus that Mary Toft admitted she was lying.
case file: The Woman Who Gave Birth to a Frog
Imagine you’re a news editor at the prestigious British Broadcasting Corporation and across your desk comes a story about a woman in Iran who has given birth to a frog. Details are sketchy, but an Iranian newspaper has theorized that the woman picked up a frog larva while swimming in a dirty pool, and that the larva then grew into an adult frog inside her body. What do you do with this story? Do you (a) leave it to the likes of Ananova or the Weekly World News, noting to yourself not only the possibility that the woman is “pulling a Mary Toft,” but also the story’s similarity to a well-documented urban legend, decades old, about a girl who gave birth to a live octopus after getting octopus eggs inside of her while swimming? Or do you (b) publish the story on the BBC website, accompanied by a picture of a surprised-looking frog? If this is real life, then the answer, of course, is (b). The BBC really did publish such a story on June 27, 2004. After becoming the butt of jokes on account of it, the BBC lapsed into a strange silence on the subject. No more details were forthcoming about the woman or the frog.
Reality Rule 1.3
People will make jokes about anything.
Even babies. Even dead babies.
Modest Proposal, n.: A satirical salvo that uses as its ammunition one of the few sacred cows in modern culture—babies. (In a pinch, kittens can serve as a substitute.) A few people always fail to get the joke, thereby making the modest proposal a guaranteed controversy generator. The term derives from Jonathan Swift’s 1729 satire, A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland From Being a Burden to their Parents or the Country, and For Making Them Beneficial to the Public, in which he made a case for the social and economic benefits to be gained by feeding the unwanted babies of the poor to the rich.
Modest Proposals on the Internet
While publishers might hesitate before printing nausea-inducing jokes about dead babies, the Internet knows no restrictions. The most disgusting baby-related satire is always just a few mouse-clicks away. What follows is a sampling of the tamer stuff.
EatBabies.com: an Internet-based guide for cooking with babies, because those who want to take Jonathan Swift up on his suggestion that the rich eat the children of the poor can’t be expected to consume the delicacy raw. Recipes at this site include Spicy Baby Tortillas, Baby Flambé, and, of course, the ever-popular Baby Baby Back Ribs.
ChrissyCaviar.com: a site where performance artist Chrissy Conant offers “human caviar” for sale—eggs harvested from her own body. She’s just joking, right? Unfortunately, no. The human caviar is quite real. Each jar really does contain one of Chrissy’s eggs swimming in human tubal fluid. She claims this delightful delicacy is just for display. (The FDA might have a few things to say about it if she actually were to start selling this stuff as food—though as long as it’s art, it’s fine.) Chrissy also says she hopes Chrissy Caviar will one day “surpass Beluga caviar as the current ultimate in luxury, consumable items.” Here’s hoping that day never comes.
"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" BabySmashers.com: a practical exploration of how the baby-changing stations that fold down from many public restroom walls can serve double duty as a means of smashing the baby violently against the wall. As the site enthuses, “Baby Smashers are an efficient, convenient, and fun way to dispose of unwanted babies.” Visitors to the site can print out illustrations and decals that can then be pasted onto baby-changing stations to rebrand them as Baby Smashers. Thankfully the underlying purpose of the site is to expose, through satire, how unsafe the baby-changing stations can be.
Copyright © 2006 by Alex Boese
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